陇东黄土高原地表粗糙度对耕作土壤径流的影响

用人工模拟降雨器,对陇东黄土高原不同地表粗糙度(RR)条件下翻耕土壤的径流和蓄水能力进行研究.以兰州大学庆阳黄土高原试验站为试验点,设3个处理:轻度(LR,RR＝7.6 mm),中度(MR,RR＝10.1 mm)和重度(HR,RR＝21.0 mm)处理.结果表明:在66mm/h的降雨强度下,降雨开始的20min内,LR...     

不同林型立地土壤水分性状及其持水能力的比较

对辽宁省北票县刺槐-油松混交林、刺槐、油松纯林及无林地土壤水分的物理性质和持水特性进行了测定。结果表明：刺槐-油松混交林的土壤孔隙状况、机械组成、持水性能、渗透性能和储水量均明显优于无林地和2种纯林。刺槐和油松纯林的各项指标均明显优于无林地,刺槐和油松纯林的各项指标处于相近水平。综合评价表明：在持水能力方面,以上3种林...     

腾格里沙漠南缘3种优势植物种子出苗对土壤类型和沙埋的响应

沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）、沙蒿（Artemisia sphaerocephala）和油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）分别是腾格里沙漠南缘不同植被演替阶段的3个优势物种,2009年5～6月在大田盆栽条件下,设计了2种土壤类型和0 cm,1 cm,2 cm,3 cm,4 cm,6 ...     

不同利用强度下草原土壤微生物的生物量和数量的动态研究

以内蒙古克什克腾旗西部的典型草原为研究对象,根据对草原利用强度的不同,将其划分三个不同区域,研究了各区域土壤中微生物数量、微生物生物量和土壤呼吸强度的季节动态以及利用强度对他们的影响.结果表明:微生物数量、微生物生物量以及土壤的呼吸作用强度均有较明显的季节性变化,且峰值都出现在8月份.三者之间具有极显著的正相关关系;轻...     

河西走廊中段干旱荒漠区土壤水热状况初步分析

通过对位于干旱荒漠区的张掖国家气候观象台土壤温湿度、土壤温度梯度、土壤导热率分析,结果表明:该地区土壤温度年变化、日变化较明显,受辐射变化影响大;土壤湿度年变化、日变化不明显,受降水影响较大.不管冬、春、夏季,土壤温度在晴天日变化较明显,但在雨(雪)天,日变化不明显.土壤湿度在晴天和雨(雪)天日变化均不明显,对降水有一...     

NaCI胁迫对塔里木河下游罗布麻抗性酶的影响

研究了不同盐浓度胁迫下罗布麻种子的抗性酶活性及含量.罗布麻种子萌发采用盐溶液水培方法,设0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6mol/L8个盐梯度.分析罗布麻丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和游离脯氨酸(Pro)三种酶的含量和活性随盐浓度的变化趋势.得出结论:MDA含量和SOD活性变化趋...     

干旱胁迫下砂生槐、锦鸡儿的生理生化特性与抗旱性

以西藏半干旱区的两种豆科灌木为研究对象,采用盆栽控水干旱胁迫手段,比较和分析了砂生槐、矮锦鸡儿在持续水分胁迫条件下的生理响应。结果表明：随着干旱胁迫时间推移,土壤含水量不断下降,2种灌木体内水分饱和亏缺值均呈上升趋势,从上升速率和变化情况来看,砂生槐的叶片保水能力优于矮锦鸡儿;叶绿素a＋b值和叶绿素a/b值综合比较结果...     

黄瓜棒孢叶斑病（褐斑病）病菌细胞壁降解酶产生条件及活性分析

通过对活体外细胞壁降解酶产生条件、活体接种黄瓜棒孢叶斑病菌后细胞壁降解酶活性变化及活体内外产生的细胞壁降解酶活性比较的研究,结果表明：多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、果胶甲基半乳糖醛酸酶（PMG）、多聚半乳糖醛酸反式消除酶（PGTE）、果胶甲基反式消除酶（PMTE）、羧甲基纤维素酶（Cx）和β-葡萄糖苷酶6种酶均有特定的最适培养条件,持续振荡培养利于各种细胞壁降解酶的产生;Cx和β-葡萄糖苷酶在培养9 d时活性达到高峰,PG和PMG在培养12 d时活性达到高峰,PGTE、PMTE在培养15 d时活性最高;PG和PMG产生的最适温度为25 ℃,PGTE、PMTE、Cx、β-葡萄糖苷酶产生的最适温度为28 ℃;PG、PMG、Cx和β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性在pH为6时最高,PGTE和PMTE的活性在pH为8时达到最高峰。4种果胶酶的活性在接种后第3天活性最高;而两种纤维素酶在接种后第5天活性最高。病菌在活体内和活体外产生的细胞壁降解酶的活性明显不同。     

封育条件下科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)群落改良土壤效应的研究

封育措施是恢复植被、改良土壤性质的重要措施。文中以科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落为研究对象,主要研究不同封育年限的沙地小叶锦鸡儿群落对土壤养分、土壤含水量、土壤紧实度、微生物生物量C、N、P含量等土壤性质的改良作用。结果表明,封育措施可以从土壤养分、土壤水分、土壤紧实度和土壤微生物等方面全面改良土壤,尤其是对表层土壤(0-10cm)的改良效果尤其明显。     

Using Static and Dynamic Indicators to Evaluate Soil Physical Quality in a Sicilian Area

Both capacitive indicators derived from the water retention curve and dynamic measurements of the flow‐weighted mean pore radius, R₀, were used to assess the soil physical quality of two agricultural areas (cropland and olive orchard) and two natural areas (grassland and managed woodlot plantation) potentially subject to soil degradation. The overall idea of the study was to investigate whether a dynamic indicator quantitatively derived from hydraulic conductivity measurements could be used to supplement the traditionally applied capacitive indicators retrieved from water retention measurements. According to the available criteria, only the surface layer of the cropland site showed optimal soil physical quality. In the grassland and woodlot sites, the physical quality was deteriorated also as a consequence of compaction because of grazing. Overall, the physical quality was better in tilled than nontilled soils. The optimal soil in terms of capacitive indicators had hydraulic conductivity close to saturation that was intermediate among the different land uses, and it remained 1·3–1·9 times higher than that observed in the natural sites even when the largest pores emptied. A depth effect on R₀ was observed only when larger macropores were activated. It was suggested that water transmission parameters are more affected by changes in large pore domain. The plant available water content and Dexter's S‐index showed inverse statistically significant regressions with R₀. The empirical relationships were physically convincing given that, at increasing R₀, the contribution of macropores increases, water is transmitted faster below the root zone and the soil's ability to store water is reduced. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.